Tuesday Tech Bytes – AEM Week 04 - Unlocking the Lesser-Known Features of AEM Dispatcher

[#1]

Unlocking the Lesser-Known Features of AEM Dispatcher

 

  by Preetpal Singh Bindra

Overview

The Adobe Experience Manager (AEM) Dispatcher is a powerful tool often employed for caching and load balancing in AEM environments. While its primary functions are well-documented, several lesser-known features can greatly enhance the performance and security of your AEM setup. This article explores these features, complete with diagrams to illustrate their application.

1. Health Check

The Dispatcher can perform health checks to ensure that AEM publish instances are running smoothly. This feature allows for proactive identification of potential issues, helping maintain high availability. Regular health checks ensure that servers are operating optimally. This proactive monitoring allows the dispatcher to detect and respond to issues promptly.

Implementation

Configure health check URLs that the dispatcher pings at regular intervals. If a URL returns an unexpected status code, the instance can be taken out of rotation.

How It Works:

• Periodic Checks: The dispatcher sends health check requests at regular intervals.
• Assessment: Responses are evaluated to determine server health.
• Status Update: Servers are marked as healthy or unhealthy based on the assessment.

Diagram: Health Check Workflow

[Dispatcher] --> [Health Check URL] --> [AEM Publish Instance Status]

Example Configuration

/health_check
  {
    /url "/system/health"
    /interval 60
  }

2. Session Management

Managing user sessions is another advanced capability of the Dispatcher. This feature allows you to store and manage session data to provide a seamless user experience across multiple instances. Manages user sessions to ensure a consistent experience across requests. This is crucial for maintaining session data in load-balanced environments.

Benefits

• Consistency: Maintain user sessions across multiple requests.
• Scalability: Handle high traffic without losing session data.

How It Works:

• Session Tracking: User sessions are tracked to ensure consistency.
• State Management: Session data is preserved across requests.
• Load Balancing: Sessions are managed efficiently in distributed setups.

Diagram: Session Management

[User Request] --> [Dispatcher] --> [Session Storage] --> [AEM Publish Instance]

Configuration Example

/sessionmanagement
  {
    /enabled "1"
    /sessionheaders
      {
        "Cookie:login-token"
      }
  }

3. Grace period

The AEM Dispatcher’s Grace Period feature helps manage content updates by ensuring a smooth transition between old and new content versions. It allows the old cache to remain valid temporarily while new content is being published, reducing the risk of cache misses and server overload.

Key Features

1. Transition Smoothing: Maintains a seamless user experience by avoiding sudden content changes or errors.
2. Cache Management: Keeps the existing cache available during content publishing to prevent cache flooding.
3. Performance Optimization: Minimizes server load by gradually updating cache entries instead of invalidating them all at once.

How It Works

1. Publish Action: When new content is published, the dispatcher marks the old cache as grace period eligible.
2. Request Handling: During the grace period, if a cache miss occurs, the dispatcher serves the old content while fetching and updating the new content in the background.
3. Grace Period Expiry: Once the grace period ends, only the new content is served, and the old cache is fully invalidated.

Diagram: Grace Period

Below is a conceptual diagram illustrating the grace period process:

[Content Published]
         |
         v
[Cache Marked Grace]
 [Period Eligible]
         |
         v
 Incoming Request for
 Updated Content     
         |
         v
                          No        
 [Cache Hit?]          -------------> [Serve Cached Content]
         | Yes                                  |
         v                                      |
                                                |
 [Serve Old Content]                            v
 [While Updating]               
 [New Cache in BG]                [Update Cache with New  
                                                       Content]                
         |                      
         v                                                |
                                                          v
 [Grace Period Ends]   <-----------------+

Benefits

• Enhanced User Experience: Reduces the likelihood of serving stale or incomplete content.
• Efficient Resource Usage: Balances server load by updating cache gradually.
• Increased Availability: Maintains content delivery reliability during updates.

The grace period feature is especially useful in high-traffic environments where consistent content delivery is crucial. It allows for efficient content management without compromising on performance or user experience.

Configuration Example

/gracePeriod {
    # Enable the grace period feature
    enabled "1"

    # Set the duration of the grace period in seconds
    timeout "2"
}

4. Unavailable Penalty

Description: The unavailablePenalty feature helps manage server unavailability by penalizing a server when it fails to respond. This penalty sets a duration during which the dispatcher avoids sending requests to the problematic server, allowing time for recovery without overwhelming it.

How It Works:

• Detection: When a server fails to respond or returns errors, it is marked as unavailable.
• Penalty Application: A penalty duration is set, during which the server is temporarily removed from the pool of available servers.
• Reassessment: After the penalty duration, the server is reassessed to determine if it can handle requests again.

Diagram: Unavailable Penalty

[ Request to Server]
         |
         v
[ Server Unavailable? ]
         | Yes
         v
[ Apply Unavailable Penalty]
         |
         v
[ Avoid Server for Time]
         |
         v
[ Reassess Availability]

Configuration Example

/virtualhosts {
    /unavailablePenalty "300"
}

5. Number of Retries

Description: This feature defines how many times the dispatcher will attempt to connect to a server after an initial failure. By retrying, the dispatcher increases the chances of successful request processing, enhancing fault tolerance.

How It Works:

• Initial Attempt: A request is sent to the server.
• Failure Detection: If the request fails, a retry counter is incremented.
• Retries: The dispatcher retries the request up to the specified limit.
• Fallback: If all retries fail, an error is returned, or failover logic is triggered.

Diagram: Number of Retries

[ Initial Request]
         |
         v
[ Request Successful? ]
    | Yes       | No
    v            v
[ Done]      [Retry Request]
                |
                v
        [ Max Retries? ] 
            | No      | Yes
            v          v
        [ Retry]      [Fail]

Configuration Example

/farm {
    /retryDelay "1000"
    /numberOfRetries "3"
}

6. Failover

Description: The failover feature ensures continuous availability by redirecting requests to a backup server if the primary server fails. This automatic switch prevents downtime and maintains service reliability.

How It Works:

• Primary Check: The dispatcher monitors the primary server for availability.
• Redirection: If the primary server is down, requests are routed to a backup server.
• Fallback: Once the primary server is back online, it resumes handling requests.

Diagram: Failover

[ Primary Server ]
         |
         v
[ Server Available? ]
    | Yes        | No
    v            v
  [Use]       [ Failover to  
             Backup Server ]

Configuration Example

/farm {
    /renderer {
        /hostname "primary-server"
        /port "4503"
    }
    /failover {
        /renderer {
            /hostname "backup-server"
            /port "4503"
        }
    }
}

7. Retry Delay

Description: retryDelay introduces a pause between retries when a request fails. This helps manage server load by spacing out retry attempts, preventing overwhelming traffic to recovering servers.

How It Works:

• Initial Failure: Upon a failed request, the dispatcher waits for a specified delay.
• Delayed Retry: After the delay, the dispatcher retries the request.
• Controlled Load: This approach reduces server stress during recovery periods.

Diagram: Retry Delay

[ Initial Request ]
         |
         v
[ Request Failed]
         |
         v
[ Wait Retry Delay]
         |
         v
[ Retry Request]

Configuration Example

/farm {
    /retryDelay "1000"
}

 

8. Statistics

Description: The statistics feature collects data on dispatcher activity, providing insights into performance metrics such as cache hits, server responses, and request handling efficiency.

How It Works:

• Data Collection: The dispatcher logs various metrics during operation.
• Analysis: Collected data is analyzed to identify patterns and performance bottlenecks.
• Reporting: Metrics are reported for monitoring and optimization.

Diagram: Statistics

[ Dispatcher Logs]
         |
         v
[ Gather Statistics]
         |
         v
[ Analyze Performance ]
         |
         v
[ Report and Optimize ]

Configuration Example

/statistics {
    /logLevel "info"
}

9. Sticky Connections For

Description: This feature ensures that requests from the same user session are directed to the same server, maintaining session state and reducing inconsistencies.

How It Works:

• Session Initialization: A session is assigned to a specific server.
• Consistent Routing: Subsequent requests from that session are directed to the same server.
• State Preservation: This prevents session data loss or duplication.

Diagram: Sticky Connections For

[ User Session Starts]
         |
         v
[ Assign to Server A ]
         |
         v
[ Subsequent Requests to
 Same Server (Sticky)]

Configuration Example

/stickyConnectionsFor {
    /paths [ "/content" ]
}

These features collectively enhance the performance, reliability, and user experience of AEM deployments.

Conclusion

By leveraging these lesser-known features of AEM Dispatcher, organizations can enhance their AEM environments' performance, security, and reliability. Whether you're rewriting URLs for SEO benefits, controlling access for security, performing health checks, or managing user sessions, these features provide significant advantages when implemented correctly.

Further Reading

To dive deeper into these features, consult the official Adobe AEM Dispatcher documentation.

References

• Adobe Experience Manager Documentation
• Apache Module mod_rewrite Documentation

These features can be integral to optimizing your AEM architecture, ensuring your digital experiences are not only robust but also agile and secure. The diagrams above serve as simplified representations of how each feature integrates into the AEM Dispatcher workflow. For complex environments, tailor configurations to meet specific organizational needs.

Q&A

Please use this thread to ask questions relating to this article

[#2]

Glad to read this article @Preetpal_Bindra it really touched upon the lesser known sides of dispatcher

[#3]

Great post. I am going to implement a couple of these features!

[#4]

Great article @Preetpal_Bindra 

@kautuk_sahni Not sure if you are the right person, but can I please request for a bookmark feature on blogs so it will be easier to find them for a future reference.

[#5]

@Balaram_Rudra Thank you for sharing your feedback! This is an excellent feature request for the platform. Currently, this is not available out of the box, but I will pass it along to our internal team for consideration. In the meantime, I recommend using the Bookmark Manager or various Chrome extensions to help organize and bookmark important links.