Hi Ashley, Great question! In my opinion, the importance of having accurate data in calculated parameters cannot be overstated: when they fall behind (aka get "stale"), it causes frustration, erodes confidence in the system, and can lead to incorrect decisions. Although calculated parameters do not automatically overnight (unlike Timelines, which do ), I am aware of three ways that trigger recalculation:
when something to which the formula refers changes, or
when a user direct Workfront to force a recalculation (e.g. via a list report > select all > bulk update > recalculate custom data (albeit "in the background", as you pointed out, implying a queue and time delay)
when initiated via the API, which is how our "https://store.atappstore.com/product/recalc-helper/" Recalc Helper solution (on button click) and our "https://store.atappstore.com/product/force-custom-data-double-recalc/" Recalc Parameters solution (on schedule, e.g. overnight) work
Once you do have calculations you do trust that are up to date, life is beautiful: you can add them to views, reports, filters, groupings, etc. and (bonus) even chart on them. You can even have calcs based on other calcs (and so on; which I dabbled in extensively, back in my Blue Period). As for references, I invite you to review Using Custom Data (the closest I've seen to a definitive work), and Calculated Custom Fields Vs. Calculated Columns (the latter sacrificing grouping and charting for real time recalculation). Regards, Doug Doug Den Hoed - AtAppStore