I've never deleted classifications before, so I am not sure which is the best way to proceed... (I am very interested in what you discover though)
I wonder, do you have a Dev or QA suite with classifications? Maybe you could try deleting the classification there, then recreating it and seeing if the data still exists? I suspect since Classification data can be re-processed to change the values retroactively, it's not like dimension data which is actually saved as is into the data source. So I would expect the data to be gone as soon as the classification is removed... but that is a guess.