Honestly.. sometimes Adobe's generated segments don't make a lot of sense to anyone human....
I am not sure.. but I will give it a try.
First, while it's cut off, I am not sure the overall scope of the segment... I am guessing it might be Hit level?
So the first part:
Filter Type (non-repeating instance) exists
If a hit level segment, this would be looking only for hits that have a filter type
Next, there is a Visit level container.. so this part is looking at the flow in the visit, and is broken into sub-parts again:
The exclude sub-container
Filter Type (non-repeating instance) exists
basically is looking for a hit that does not have filter type (basically the page before filter type does exist)
THEN
Filter Type (non-repeating instance) exists
(basically this works with the above to say the user went from a hit without a filter to a hit with a filter)
THEN within one "filter type" dimension change
Set the filter type to "Language"
Since I don't know your site or the flows that users can take, I can only assume this makes some sort of sense in the context of your site....