Hi,
There's not way to have a selection field default to the value chosen on a parent object (project).
To tackle this you will need to create a calculated field that is attached to your task form, that references the KTLO field on the project level. Using the calculation {project}.{DE:KTLO Effort Type}, or whatever you have named the field, will automatically pull in the value selected at the project level.
Best Regards,
Rich.