Closed User Groups (CUG) are used specifically to restrict access to pages in the publish environment [0][1]. When talking about groups, we generally mean groups on the author instance[2]
groups are used to manage permissions and principals
closed user groups is a feature of AEM, which allows you to restrict access to content on publishing. It is based on the "groups" concept and does not support permissions for individual users.
Closed User Groups (CUG) are used specifically to restrict access to pages in the publish environment [0][1]. When talking about groups, we generally mean groups on the author instance[2]