Restarting from vmstat will trigger a restart of all the bundles. So, if you just wanted to refresh the bundles, you can do that.
That said, it does not completely stop the AEM instance as the PID is still active in the background after you trigger a "Stop" from vmstat.
Lastly, this does not cause any corruption/issues but you should not be using this to stop the instance as PID will be active even if you stop the Sling framework.