Hello,
The Content Fragment Model (CFM) can indeed be updated to include additional data types. However, it's important to note that the fields you can add are not equivalent to what are referred to as "components" in the AEM context. Any modifications made to the CFM will impact all existing Content Fragments, so exercise caution when making updates.
Out of the box, there are several data types available that you can utilize. You can explore them here: https://experienceleague.adobe.com/docs/experience-manager-65/assets/content-fragments/content-fragm.... Nonetheless, you also have the flexibility to customize and create your own data types. An example of how to achieve this can be found here: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/custom-datatype-content-fragments-model-cfm-aem-generate-ankur-garg
Hope this helps
Esteban Bustamante