Hello!
Rule-based traits are built from logical expressions which qualify visitors based on certain attributes in real-time. Typically these are built utilizing Analytics data such as eVars & props. Onboarded data, on the other hand, consists of manually uploaded user data. This typically consists of offline CRM data or other stored user data.
Here is our documentation for more details: https://experienceleague.adobe.com/docs/audience-manager/user-guide/features/traits/trait-and-segmen...