Ajax call in front end will be completely unware of component structure in AEM node.You wil have to pass params.One more, Even if you dont use params and  think of caching, Ideally your servlet response should not be cached else it will not execute again for another component.Whats the use case?

it reminds of previous project. We had one sitemap component which shows links in html page (sitemap.html) as well as generate XML (sitemap.xml.html)Each locale had their own sitemap component in its sitemap.html pageand mapping from JCR Resource resolver was used to map these internally.site.com/si...

Yes, but what is your use case?

Yes, but by default AEM will submit the resource to based on form action for that resource node.But you can add your custom JS code based on event, like submit/success to send data to your servlet.Adobe Experience Manager Help | Using Event Handlers in Adobe Experience Manager Touch UI Components

It's not support as of now but description does appear in component finder Here is the file which has the code base, you can try to use it/libs/cq/gui/components/authoring/editors/clientlibs/core/js/edit/ToolbarActions/edit.ToolbarActions.INSERT.js

You can quickly write a small fiddle script using ACS tools without adding this code your source repohttps://adobe-consulting-services.github.io/acs-aem-tools/features/aem-fiddle/index.html

You can use ${request.requestPathInfo.suffix} to access suffix in HTL

Can you enable Content Fragment Model from configuration browser and again apply that config to your path This link will help you to do ithttps://helpx.adobe.com/experience-manager/kt/sites/using/content-services-tutorial-use/part2.html

Would have to override that file in /apps

That option is available in the context  Jörg  has explained