With EDS, it’s not possible to restrict access to only specific or unauthorized pages. However, EDS does provide a way to secure your entire site using token-based authentication, as outlined in the following documentation: https://www.aem.live/docs/authentication-setup-site.
If your goal is to implement SSO or individual logins for end users, you’ll need to set up custom authentication logic at the CDN level using EdgeWorkers. This would involve writing your own authentication logic to integrate with your Identity Provider (IdP).
Currently, Adobe-managed CDN (Fastly) may not support EdgeWorkers—but please verify this with Adobe, as there may have been recent updates that I haven't reviewed.
That said, you can definitely use your own CDN (BYOCDN) to support this use case.