Seems like you have different version of the jvm 7.
Please verify the following configuration in CRXDE: & change accordingly if different. For /libs/cq/core/content/welcome sling:vanityOrder should be 1000 sling:vanityPath /welcome
For /libs/crx/core/content/welcome sling:vanityOrder should be 100 sling:vanityPath /welcome
Seems like you have different version of the jvm 7.
Please verify the following configuration in CRXDE: & change accordingly if different. For /libs/cq/core/content/welcome sling:vanityOrder should be 1000 sling:vanityPath /welcome
For /libs/crx/core/content/welcome sling:vanityOrder should be 100 sling:vanityPath /welcome
Changing those values did the trick, thanks. CQ's welcome was set to 200, CRX's was set to 900.
I still don't understand why this happened, though, since the system the backup was made on has the exact same values, yet still takes the user to the CQ welcome page instead of the CRX page. That server has the same 200 and 900 values for CQ and CRX, respectively.