This isn't really a restriction of AEM more than it is a restriction of Windows/Java. There is an ODBC/JDBC bridge, but it will only work on a Windows environment and requires you to have a whole other setup for ODBC. All the bridge does is allow JDBC to communicate with ODBC. Certainly not something I think would be recommended for running in a production environment.
Could you write a web service wrapper to communicate with the ODBC layer and just send the results as JSON to AEM?