What version of AEM (or CQ) are you using?
Assuming 5.5 or higher, you can use a format like the following:
curl -u <uid>:<pwd> -X POST -F 'path=<full_path_of_package>' -F 'packageName=<packageName>' -F 'groupName=<group_name>' -F 'version=<Version_Number>' -F 'filter=<array_of_filter_definitions_containing_root_and_pattern>' -F '_charset_=UTF-8' http://<host>:<port>/crx/packmgr/update.jsp
See this page for a couple of examples:
http://aemfaq.blogspot.com/2013/09/creating-package-with-filtersexclusion.html
Let us know if you have any questions.