Out of the box no; however, if this is something you need, you can customize AEM by wrapping a Java library that contains methods that are suitable for performing server-side password strength checking within an OSGi bundle.
This API looks like something that would meet your requirements: https://code.google.com/p/vt-middleware/wiki/vtpassword
This looks like an interesting use case to follow up on by writing a community article. Of course - if any other community member writes this up -- let me know and we will feature it on the official AEM pages in the SpotLight section.