In AEM there is no term like static components. AEM Components can be used to get data from the dialog or some other sources. If you are getting data only from dialog without changing, you can directly read in HTL like ${properties.propertyname}
If you are manipulating values then you need to use the sling model(JAVA) or JS USE API and return values in HTL, there you can apply business logic. Business logic could be anything manipulating values, reading values from other sources, etc.
HTL Java Use-API
Adobe Experience Manager Help | Working with Sling Models in Adobe Experience Manager
There is no difference in creating static or dynamic components, both are same.
AEM has a concept of static and dynamic templates
Dynamic vs static templates
Arun Patidar