JCR nodes only give you workflow models - not running status, etc.
You need to use the Workflow API. However - you cannot use this API from outside of AEM. A Java client cannot use it, You need to use it within AEM.
So what you have to do is write an AEM Sling servlet that uses the Workflow API to get workflow info. Then return the info as part of a GET request. ie - place it in JSON or XML.
Now you can write a Java client app that can communicate with the Sling Servlets via GET requests. The Java app will get the JSON or XML and display it.
We have a community article that will help you with the Java Client interacting with AEM. In this example, the Java client interacts with AEM via a HTTP POST operation.
https://helpx.adobe.com/experience-manager/using/post_files.html
In your example - you may want to perform GET requests.