Hi Ramy,
Adobe Analytics Standard combines the capabilities of multiple analytics tools that have been available from Adobe to date: reporting and dashboards (functionality available previously in SiteCatalyst), ad hoc analysis (Discover), Excel dashboarding (ReportBuilder), a raw data repository (DataWarehouse), tag management (TagManager), and data connectors between Adobe and its partners (Genesis). When you use Adobe Analytics, each of these capabilities will be available to you centrally and seamlessly via Adobe Marketing Cloud. You and your colleagues will be able to do more to generate and share insights than ever before.
Adobe Analytics Premium includes all of the capabilities mentioned above, but goes a step farther by including customer analytics, multi-channel capabilities, and statistical/predictive modeling (primarily delivered through Insight) to provide a more complete view of your customers, allowing you understand their broader impact on the business.
This blog post by Ben Gaines should give you all the detailed information http://blogs.adobe.com/digitalmarketing/analytics/under-the-hood-with-adobe-analytics-and-adobe-analytics-premium/
Additionally, you can also go through this help document - https://marketing.adobe.com/resources/help/en_US/mcloud/upgrade-to-analytics-premium.html
Let me know if you have any further questions. Thanks!
TM