Unfortunately, regex is not supported in Segments....
However, you can use Regex in Classifications / Classification Rule Builder.. which could be used to create a classification based on what you want to filter, then use the classification in your segment....
Just a note, classification rules run every 4-6 hours, so as long as you aren't looking at "today" as your data set, you should be fine.
Here is some info about Classifications: https://experienceleague.adobe.com/docs/analytics/components/classifications/c-classifications.html?lang=en
Here is some info about Classification Rule Builder:
https://experienceleague.adobe.com/docs/analytics/components/classifications/classifications-rulebuilder/classification-rule-set.html?lang=en
But essentially, you could set up a classification such as "segment option".
Then create a classification rule using your regex, and set the classification "segment option" to a value like "my filter" (use more descriptive names)
Then you can create a filter looking at dimension "segment option" and value "my filter"