That example is useful, but not for the reason you might think!
Because it's a proprietary Outlook binary MSG file, it reveals that the problem occurs when Outlook in particular mangles the SafeLink URL (nam11.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/...). That URL is a wrapper around the Marketo tracked link, added specifically because you use Outlook security. And Outlook doesn't know how how keep that link looking right when the message is forwarded.
However, the problem doesn't exist with a standard mail client. If I forward the same message from Thunderbird or The Bat!, for example, the links work fine. It's an Outlook bug, in other words.
Something else you should realize, though, is that the logo link doesn't work in the original email. Even before you forward it, it goes to an empty page b/c it wasn't linked correctly in Marketo (missing {{my.token}} or ${variable} I assume).