"Data Value Changes" trigger for old CRM leads

The trigger only fires when a change occurs in real time and ignores past changes.

My question leads in the same direction. I used "Progession Status Changed" --> Program is any --> Success = true to sync only leads with a "success tag" to SFDC. But there are also leads with the Progression Status "Visited Website" appearing which is not defined as a success in the appropriate channel... :(

Triggers fire as the action occurs, thus the terminology.  Filters will look at the activity history, so a data value changed FILTER will do what you're wanting to, but note that activities are archived after some period of time.  And that period of time varies depending on the type of data, some are archived at 90 days, some 180, etc.  So while filters will look at history, they can only look as far back as the history is 'live' and not archived data, I think.

The "Progression Status was Changed" is a filter and will pull in all leads that ever had a "Success" in a program in the past.  Do the leads with a "Visited Website" progression status in one program have another program where they had a "Success"?

Acutally not. Visited website is never claimed as a success anywhere. I'm just trying to achieve that new (this month and not known before) generated leads in Marketo with the success status are being synced to SFDC. Actually quite easy. :/

Sorry for not being clear.  I'm not asking if the leads have a "Visited Website" progression status in another program.  I'm asking if any of your leads that were synched to SFDC were in other programs with a progression status that is equated with "Success".  If so, that would explain why they were synched to SFDC because you are using the "Progression Status was Changed" filter, which looks at past "Success" status in "any" program of which they have ever been a member.   You should use the "Progression Status is Changed" trigger instead.