I understand your question in a way, that only a certain usergroup should be able to add/edit the content of a component on a page (it's not about the access to the component definition itself).
In that case working with access control on the component definition (somewhere below /apps) won't help you at all. Instead you must restrict access to content for which reference this component as resourceType. Technically this is possible to implement using a custom restriction provider on an Oak level. But I doubt that you want to go down that route (it's possible, but there is no good examples around how to do it correctly).
Another option is move that content out of the regular content tree and embedd it via CF/XF or a different inclusion mechanism; and then work with ACLs to limit write access to this CF/XF.