Where did you notice this renaming? And is this Adobe Analytics or CJA?
I only have experience with Analytics, but here is what I know:
Renaming eVars within Workspace can be done by anyone with admin rights, but this really should only impact Workspace Reports.. Sending data to Adobe in the original client side method should still be sent via "v#", and coming out in Raw Data feeds would still be "eVar#" and "Post_eVar#" - none of those sources change the identifier.
I also believe that the standard XDM Schema also would use the "identifier" and not the name.. however, if someone was using a custom schema where they used the names, that could have a large impact on how things work... if this is the case, it's likely someone with admin access making changes to the schema...
But understanding exactly what you are looking at would help us narrow down what might be happening... There may be a completely separate facet that I've missed.