In practice, it's possible to classify these values based on age group, however in the long run it's going to be particularly hard to maintain since people age and move from one age group to another. This means you'd have to eventually reclassify every single birthday in a span of several years, which the rule builder wasn't designed to do.
For example, say today someone enters the value "male:01-25-1986". Today they're in the 26-30 bracket, but tomorrow they're in the 31-36 bracket. If someone else shares that same birthday, they're going to be classified under the wrong bracket.
Short term, classifications would work flawlessly. Long term, however, I would recommend passing age groups into a separate variable so they only apply to the specific visitor at hand. Historic reporting would make more sense too, as you'd be able to see which age group they were in at the time, not the age group that they are currently in.
I would also advise against using subclassifications, as each classification value cannot have multiple subclassifications. If you do go through with the classification route, use multiple classifications based on the parent variable.