Best way is to take the AEM6 developer and advanced developer training.

You can find out in your filter if the component is included as part of the page by checking javax.servlet.include.servlet_path in request attribute. If request.getAttribute("javax.servlet.include.servlet_path") is not null then, you got your compoennt. Adapt the resource, get the property and you c...

Any url will be server:port/contextpath/resourcepath.html. So the dispatcher will find the server:port from the any file. Please try and let me know. 

You are correct.  The below configuration would work. What issues are you facing?/hostname "127.0.0.1"      /port "4502"

can you paste the code snippet with which you send mail?

This document compares jcr with rdbmshttp://dev.day.com/content/ddc/blog/2009/01/jcrrdbmsreport/_jcr_content/images/jcrrdbmsreport/jcr_rdbms_report_chapuis.pdf

As of now, this is not possible. You can use resourcetypebased servlets for access control.

You can write a custom auth handler and in requestCredentials method, you can redirect appropriately.