As a follow up to my own question, the problem was a bungled set of
certificates. There were two iOS Distribution Certificates in my Apple
Developer Account and neither was installed on my computer. Because the
names were the same, it was impossible to tell which one was used for
the mobile provisioning profile.The solution was to delete both iOS
Distribution Certificates in my Apple Developer Account. We could do
this because everything was already broken, so deleting these
certificates wouldn'...