Hi Milan,
Please firstly create a P1 priority (critical) ticket in Adobe Campaign extranet support.
Then, in parallel you can investigate by your own and ask for forum community help, but it seems to be tricky, if you are very sure nothing has been changed in configuration, either network, or system, or serverConf.xml or config-yourinstance.xml files. (For the latter check for serverConf.diff.xml file).
Do you have Active Directory (LDAP) for authentication ? or IMS ?
One not so "crazy" idea:
are you not able to connect from client (Windows client) directly installed on the server or from your PC ?
Because, if you set the connection url to use :8080 port you bypass IIS and goes directly to Tomcat.
So if you use the :8080 url on the server itself you won't be blocked by firewall.
But perhaps the daemon or port is not open anymore ?
Please ask to your network team to do a netstat command to see if 8080 is listed.
Regards
JS