Hi David,
The exact meaning of these prefixes is internal to product. If you can raise a support ticket we can ask engineering for it.
ODB - relates to errors that happen at the ODBC layer or exceptions caught at ODBC. It is a higher level exception wrapper over an underlying WDB error.
WDB - Errors that happened at the database layer. Something originating from database. The error is logged and then a higher level exception is thrown to report at the ODBC layer which is then logged as ODB-
XTK - Errors raised because of a schema. Like Amit said, one the errors you provided was raised when access was not available to user on the linked resource i.e. schema. Similarly, if there is a column missing you might get an error
Attribute 'registrationToken' unknown (see definition of schema 'Batch events (nms:batchEvent)'). XTK-170036 Unable to parse expression '[@registrationToken]'.
RED - These errors are associated with the redirection server or better to say with your tracking instance.
All possible error codes in Campaign are listed here Adobe Campaign Error Codes
We are working with the documentation team to get a user-friendly explanation associated with each error.
Regards,
Vipul